How to generate an OpenAPI/Swagger spec with gRPC Gateway

You may want to provide a RESTful API in addition to your gRPC service without the need to duplicate your code.

gRPC Gateway is a popular tool for generating RESTful APIs from gRPC service definitions.

In this tutorial, we’ll take a detailed look at how to use gRPC Gateway to generate an OpenAPI schema based on a Protocol Buffers (protobuf) gRPC service definition. Afterward, we can use Speakeasy to read our generated OpenAPI schema and create a production-ready SDK.

Tip

If you want to follow along, you can use the gRPC Speakeasy Bar example repository.

An Overview of gRPC Gateway

gRPC Gateway is a protoc plugin that reads gRPC service definitions and generates a reverse proxy server that translates a RESTful JSON API into gRPC.

This way, you can expose an HTTP endpoint that can be called by clients that don’t support gRPC. The generated server code will forward incoming JSON requests to your gRPC server and translate the responses to JSON.

gRPC Gateway also generates an OpenAPI schema that describes your API. You can use this schema to create SDKs for your API.

OpenAPI Versions

gRPC Gateway outputs OpenAPI 2.0, and Speakeasy supports OpenAPI 3.0 and 3.1. To generate an OpenAPI 3.0 or 3.1 schema, you’ll need to convert the OpenAPI 2.0 schema to at least OpenAPI 3.0.

The Protobuf to REST SDK Pipeline

To generate a REST API with a developer-friendly SDK, we’ll follow these three core steps:

gRPC to OpenAPI: First, we will use gRPC Gateway to produce an OpenAPI schema based on our protobuf service definition. This generated schema is in OpenAPI 2.0 format.
OpenAPI 2.0 to OpenAPI 3.x: Next, as gRPC Gateway’s output schema is in OpenAPI 2.0 and we need at least OpenAPI 3.0 for our SDK, we will convert the generated schema from OpenAPI 2.0 to OpenAPI 3.0.
OpenAPI 3.x to SDK: Finally, once we have the OpenAPI 3.0 schema, we will leverage Speakeasy to create our SDK based on the OpenAPI 3.0 schema derived from the previous steps.

By following these steps, we can ensure we have a robust, production-ready SDK that adheres to our API’s specifications.

Step-by-Step Tutorial: From Protobuf to OpenAPI to an SDK

Now let’s walk through generating an OpenAPI schema and SDK for our Speakeasy Bar gRPC service.

Check Out the Example Repository

If you would like to follow along, start by cloning the example repository:


git clone git@github.com:speakeasy-api/speakeasy-grpc-gateway-example.git
cd speakeasy-grpc-gateway-example

Install Go

To generate an OpenAPI schema from a protobuf file, we’ll need to install Go and protoc.

This tutorial was written using Go 1.21.4.

On macOS, install Go by running:


brew install go

Alternatively, follow the Go installation instructions for your platform.

Install Buf

We’ll use the Buf CLI as an alternative to protoc so that we can save our generation configuration as YAML. Buf is compatible with protoc plugins.

On macOS, install Buf by running:


brew install bufbuild/buf/buf

Alternatively, follow the Buf CLI installation instructions for your platform.

Install Buf Modules

We’ll use Buf modules to manage our dependencies.


cd proto
buf mod update
cd ..

Install protoc-gen-go

Buf requires the protoc-gen-go plugin to generate Go code from protobuf files.

Install protoc-gen-go by running:


go install google.golang.org/protobuf/cmd/protoc-gen-go@latest

Make sure that the protoc-gen-go binary is in your $PATH. On macOS, you can achieve that by running the following command if the go/bin directory is not already in your path.


export PATH=${PATH}:`go env GOPATH`/bin

Install Go Requirements


go mod tidy
go install \
    github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2/protoc-gen-grpc-gateway \
    github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2/protoc-gen-openapiv2 \
    google.golang.org/protobuf/cmd/protoc-gen-go \
    google.golang.org/grpc/cmd/protoc-gen-go-grpc

Generate the Go Code

We’ll use Buf to generate the Go code from the protobuf file.

Run the following in the terminal:


buf generate

Buf reads the configuration in buf.gen.yaml, then generates the Go code in the proto directory.

This will generate the proto/speakeasy/v1/speakeasy.pb.go, proto/speakeasy/v1/speakeasy_grpc.pb.go, and proto/speakeasy/v1/speakeasy.pb.gw.go files.

Generate the OpenAPI Schema

Because we have the openapiv2 protoc plugin configured in our buf.gen.yaml file, Buf will generate an OpenAPI schema and save it as openapi/speakeasy/v1/speakeasy.swagger.json.

This is the OpenAPI 2.0 schema that gRPC Gateway generates by default.

Convert the OpenAPI Schema to OpenAPI 3.0

We’ll use the excellent kin-openapi Go library to convert the OpenAPI 2.0 schema to OpenAPI 3.0.

In convert/convert.go, we use kin-openapi to unmarshal openapi/speakeasy/v1/speakeasy.swagger.json, then convert it to OpenAPI 3.0, then marshal it back to JSON, and finally write it to openapi/speakeasy/v1/speakeasy.openapi.json.

To do the conversion, run the following in the terminal:


go run convert/convert.go

How To Customize the API Schema

By modifying the protobuf service definition, we can customize the generated OpenAPI schema.

We’ll start with a basic example and add options to enhance the schema.

Understanding the Speakeasy Bar Protobuf Service

Let’s explore the Speakeasy Bar protobuf service definition in proto/speakeasy/v1/speakeasy.proto. This is the starting point for our gRPC service:


syntax = "proto3";
 
package speakeasy.v1;
 
message Drink {
  string product_code = 1;
  string name = 2;
  string description = 3;
  double price = 4;
}
 
message GetDrinkRequest {
  string product_code = 1;
}
 
message GetDrinkResponse {
  Drink drink = 1;
}
 
message ListDrinksRequest {
  // Empty request
}
 
message ListDrinksResponse {
  repeated Drink drinks = 1;
}
 
service SpeakeasyService {
  rpc GetDrink(GetDrinkRequest) returns (GetDrinkResponse) {
    option (google.api.http) = {
      get: "/v1/drinks/{product_code}"
    };
  }
 
  rpc ListDrinks(ListDrinksRequest) returns (ListDrinksResponse) {
    option (google.api.http) = {
      get: "/v1/drinks"
    };
  }
}

The service defines one object type called Drink with properties like product_code, name, description, and price. It also defines a service called SpeakeasyService that has two methods:

GetDrink: Retrieves a single drink by its product code
ListDrinks: Lists all available drinks

Adding API Information to the Service

We can enhance our protobuf definition by adding information about the API to improve the generated OpenAPI schema. We’ll use the options.openapiv2_swagger option from grpc.gateway.protoc_gen_openapiv2:


option (grpc.gateway.protoc_gen_openapiv2.options.openapiv2_swagger) = {
  info: {
    title: "Speakeasy Bar API"
    description: "An API for the Speakeasy Bar, featuring a variety of cocktails and drinks."
    version: "0.1.0"
  }
  host: "api.speakeasybar.com"
  schemes: HTTP
  schemes: HTTPS
  consumes: "application/json"
  produces: "application/json"
  tags: [
    {
      name: "drinks"
      description: "Operations related to drinks and cocktails offered by the Speakeasy Bar."
    }
  ]
};

This adds several important pieces of information to our API:

Title, Description, and Version: Basic information about our API that appears in the info object of the generated OpenAPI schema:


{
  "openapi": "3.0.0",
  "info": {
    "title": "Speakeasy Bar API",
    "description": "An API for the Speakeasy Bar, featuring a variety of cocktails and drinks.",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  ...
}

Server Information: We add a server to the API using the host key. Our conversion script will add the servers object to the generated OpenAPI schema:


{
  "servers": [
    {
      "url": "https://api.speakeasybar.com"
    }
  ]
}

Adding Descriptions and Examples to Components

To create an SDK that offers a great developer experience, we recommend adding descriptions and examples to all fields in OpenAPI components. We’ll enhance the Drink object type:


message Drink {
  option (grpc.gateway.protoc_gen_openapiv2.options.openapiv2_schema) = {
    json_schema: {
      title: "Drink"
      description: "A drink available at the Speakeasy Bar."
      example: "{\"product_code\":\"602a7da9-b8bb-46e6-b288-457b561029b8\",\"name\":\"Old Fashioned\",\"description\":\"A classic cocktail made with whiskey, sugar, bitters, and a twist of citrus.\",\"price\":12.99}"
    }
  };
  
  string product_code = 1 [(grpc.gateway.protoc_gen_openapiv2.options.openapiv2_field) = {
    description: "The unique identifier for the drink."
    pattern: "^[0-9a-f]{8}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{12}$"
    format: "uuid"
    example: "\"602a7da9-b8bb-46e6-b288-457b561029b8\""
  }];
  
  string name = 2 [(grpc.gateway.protoc_gen_openapiv2.options.openapiv2_field) = {
    description: "The name of the drink."
    example: "\"Old Fashioned\""
    min_length: 1
  }];
  
  string description = 3 [(grpc.gateway.protoc_gen_openapiv2.options.openapiv2_field) = {
    description: "A description of the drink."
    example: "\"A classic cocktail made with whiskey, sugar, bitters, and a twist of citrus.\""
  }];
  
  double price = 4 [(grpc.gateway.protoc_gen_openapiv2.options.openapiv2_field) = {
    description: "The price of the drink in USD."
    example: "12.99"
    minimum: 0
  }];
}

In this enhanced definition:

We add a title, description, and example to the Drink object type. The example is a stringified JSON object.
We use openapiv2_field to add options to the fields in the Drink object type. For example, we add a description, pattern, format, and example to the productCode field:


{
  "productCode": {
    "type": "string",
    "description": "The unique identifier for the drink.",
    "pattern": "^[0-9a-f]{8}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{12}$",
    "format": "uuid",
    "example": "602a7da9-b8bb-46e6-b288-457b561029b8"
  }
}

If you use Speakeasy to create an SDK, this description and example will appear in the generated documentation and usage examples. For instance, in the TypeScript SDK’s documentation:


import { SDK } from "openapi";
 
(async() => {
  const sdk = new SDK();
 
  const res = await sdk.drinks.getDrink({
    productCode: "602a7da9-b8bb-46e6-b288-457b561029b8",
  });
 
  if (res.statusCode == 200) {
    // handle response
  }
})();

Note how the productCode field is represented by our UUID example instead of a random string.

Customizing the OperationId

By default, the operationId is the method name in the protobuf service definition. We can customize the operationId for each method using options.openapiv2_operation:


rpc GetDrink(GetDrinkRequest) returns (GetDrinkResponse) {
  option (google.api.http) = {
    get: "/v1/drinks/{product_code}"
  };
  option (grpc.gateway.protoc_gen_openapiv2.options.openapiv2_operation) = {
    operation_id: "getDrink"
    // More options...
  };
}

This appears in the generated OpenAPI schema:


{
  "operationId": "getDrink"
}

Adding Descriptions and Tags to Methods

We can also add descriptions and tags to methods using options.openapiv2_operation:


rpc GetDrink(GetDrinkRequest) returns (GetDrinkResponse) {
  option (google.api.http) = {
    get: "/v1/drinks/{product_code}"
  };
  option (grpc.gateway.protoc_gen_openapiv2.options.openapiv2_operation) = {
    operation_id: "getDrink"
    summary: "Get a drink"
    description: "Get a drink by its product code."
    tags: "drinks"
    // More options...
  };
}

This adds tags and descriptions to the operation in the OpenAPI schema:


{
  "tags": [
    "drinks"
  ],
  "summary": "Get a drink",
  "description": "Get a drink by its product code."
}

Adding Tag Descriptions

We can add descriptions to tags in the protobuf definition by using options.openapiv2_swagger:


option (grpc.gateway.protoc_gen_openapiv2.options.openapiv2_swagger) = {
  // Other options...
  tags: [
    {
      name: "drinks"
      description: "Operations related to drinks and cocktails offered by the Speakeasy Bar."
    }
  ]
};

This adds descriptions to tags in the OpenAPI schema:


{
  "tags": [
    {
      "name": "drinks",
      "description": "Operations related to drinks and cocktails offered by the Speakeasy Bar."
    }
  ]
}

Adding OpenAPI Extensions

gRPC Gateway allows us to add OpenAPI extensions to the schema using the extensions field in our protobuf service definition. For example, we can add the Speakeasy retries extension called x-speakeasy-retries, which causes the SDK to retry failed requests:


rpc GetDrink(GetDrinkRequest) returns (GetDrinkResponse) {
  option (google.api.http) = {
    get: "/v1/drinks/{product_code}"
  };
  option (grpc.gateway.protoc_gen_openapiv2.options.openapiv2_operation) = {
    // Other options...
    extensions: {
      key: "x-speakeasy-retries"
      value: {
        string_value: "{\"strategy\":\"backoff\",\"backoff\":{\"initialInterval\":500,\"maxInterval\":60000,\"maxElapsedTime\":3600000,\"exponent\":1.5},\"statusCodes\":[\"5XX\"],\"retryConnectionErrors\":true}"
      }
    }
  };
}

This adds the extension to the OpenAPI schema:


{
  "x-speakeasy-retries": {
    "strategy": "backoff",
    "backoff": {
      "initialInterval": 500,
      "maxInterval": 60000,
      "maxElapsedTime": 3600000,
      "exponent": 1.5
    },
    "statusCodes": [
      "5XX"
    ],
    "retryConnectionErrors": true
  }
}

Create an SDK With Speakeasy

Now that we have an OpenAPI 3.0 schema, we can create an SDK with Speakeasy. Speakeasy will create documentation and usage examples based on the descriptions and examples we added.

We’ll use the speakeasy quickstart command to create an SDK for the Speakeasy Bar gRPC service.

Run the following in the terminal:


speakeasy quickstart

Follow the onscreen prompts to provide the necessary configuration details for your new SDK such as the name, schema location and output path. Enter openapi/speakeasy/v1/speakeasy.openapi.json when prompted for the OpenAPI document location and select TypeScript when prompted for which language you would like to generate.

Example Protobuf Definition and SDK Generator

The source code for our complete example is available in the gRPC Speakeasy Bar example repository.

The repository contains a TypeScript SDK and instructions on how to create more SDKs.

You can clone this repository to test how changes to the protobuf definition result in changes to the SDK.

After modifying your protobuf definition, you can run the following in the terminal to create a new SDK:


buf generate && go run convert/convert.go && speakeasy quickstart

Happy generating!

Last updated on September 16, 2025